![]() ![]() The most common study model is to manipulate the independent variable (eg, to give drug A or drug B or select study patients based on the presence or absence of trait) and then measure their associations with subsequent outcomes (the dependent variable).Įxtraneous variables are other factors that could exert outside influences. Either the independent variable or the dependent variable could be the parameter of greatest interest in a given study, depending on the research question being asked. In general, the dependent variable is believed to be affected by the independent variable (eg, mortality rates, injury patterns, or complication rates). The dependent variable is the main study “outcome” that is being measured. That variable might predict their outcome or injury pattern (or not). An example would be the presence of pre-hospital hypotension versus not, in blunt trauma patients. It need not be an active intervention it could be an already existing exposure or trait that could serve as a predictor variable. For example, treatment A versus treatment B or diagnostic technique A versus diagnostic technique B are two common examples of independent variables in health care research. ![]() The independent variable is the specific study “intervention” or prediction variable. ![]() Three important variables apply to all designs. First, some basic definitions should be reviewed ( Table 1).
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